![]() These changes may cause insect displacements to regions that are more favourable to them. Otherwise, mosquito numbers (or other vectors with a short lifespan) quickly bounce back.Climate change is responsible for changes in temperature and rainfall patterns as well as more frequent extreme events such as floods. Unfortunately, these interventions need to be sustained. DDT in the past and more recently pesticide-coated bed nets have been proven to work very effectively. That often means trying to kill as many vectors as possible. Namely, we can try to control the ID at the vector stage. With vector-borne ID, there is a unique opportunity for interventions that do not exist for directly transmitted diseases. As such, in regions that have strong differences in rainfall between seasons, one often observes annual cycles based on annual weather patterns.ĩ.4 Vector-borne Transmission and Interventions For instance, the reproductive cycle of mosquitos strongly depends on the weather, and specifically the availability or lack of water. Nevertheless, patterns in ID dynamics are often observed for vector-borne diseases and are at least partially understood. This obviously adds a lot of complexity to the model. This general concept still holds, but there are now two species (e.g., humans and mosquitos), both have distinct and intrinsic dynamics and responding differently to external factors. In a previous chapter, we discussed cycles that could be caused by the intrinsic transmission dynamics or influenced by external drivers (e.g., seasonal changes in weather). Understanding what mechanisms lead to potentially observed patterns in incidence and prevalence for vector-borne diseases is difficult, due to the presence of more than one host.
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